Fish Farming

A limbless cold- blooded Vertebrate animal with gills and fins and living wholly in water. In internal resources of Bangladesh, 260 Species of native and 12 Species of foreign fishes are seen. In the same way , there are 475 species of fishes in seaborne treasure fish culture and fisheries got . Fish culture and fisheries got a momentum in this country after the introduction of induced breeding of carps with pituitary extract in 1967.Once the major carps were the target species,but now many exotic fishes are cultured in ponds an lakes. Of the total annual fish production about 307. Comes from the culture sector and the remaining 70% comes from the inland and marine capture sector. In internal resources the fishes that are commonly seen are Grass carp, Big head carp, Common carp, Tilapia, Catfish, Phai pangs Sorpunti, Mullets (Bata) Chilta, Bual ,Catla, Rui, Shot, Taki, Gojal, etc. Vhuri, Datina, Vetki. Pupechanda, (Pomfrets) Siton, Lakka are the fishes of oceanic treasuri in Bangladesh.

Shrimp:                                           

In Bangladesh , there are 24 species of shrimp in internal fresh-water resources and 36 species of shrimp in oceanic resources. Among them Lobster, Brown shrimp, white shrimp, pink shrimp are main Lobster is culture in fresh water  and while shrimp and brown shrimp and culture in salt water.

Accommodation/ Resources :
The total Resources In Bangladesh can be classification 3 Ports. Fish , Shrimp and other aquatics live in these Resources . These Resources in Bangladesh regarding their geographical and natural condition, are parted in such way such as.

Inland closed Water Resources :
The total measurement of inland closed water resources in 2,92,378 hector including ponds, canals, coastal shrimp are a etc. Among them the are a of 1,42000 ponds is 1,46890 hector.

 Inland free resources :
The total quantity of inland free resources is 80,47,316 hector, marshy land/ swamp is 1,14161 hector and damped land is 28,32,772 hector.

oceanic Resources :
In the southern part of Bangladesh , the covering of oceanic Resource is 1,66,070,00  hector.

Benefits of Fisheries, collection and Marketing :
A remarkable part of the number of population is restated to it. Not , trotter , Boat , Many types of instrument employed in collection fish-are our asset.



Different Fish Farming System :

Java Barb ( Rajputi)
Farming System of Rajputi ( Java Barb) :
Java Barb is a rapid growth full foreign species. There are some characteristics of it regarding it's Farming system such as ,,,
                                             
* Its possible to form /cultivate  it in small and shallow seasonal ponds and canals or other resources.
* In paddy fedlds it can be farmed
* It grows rapidly and becomes appropriate to be sold within 4-5 month

                                                           

Pond Selection :

One should select pond with mixed soil, the area of 10-25 per hundred. It's depth is must to be 1-1.5 meter.

Preparing pond :
It is very important to prepare the the particular pond properly to make a hopeful benefit from fisheries. Regarding all the aspects and pants lime water, soil ,etc.

Pond should be made ready:
It is important to salted young fishes with big size and obtaining proper quality. The fry should be of the size 6-8 c,m.  Many species need periodic sorting by size, so that larger  fish do not cannibalize smaller fish. With favorable water conditions, regular water change, and generous feeding, the fry should grow quickly. Cull unhealthy and deformed fish.

Equipping/ Supping Supplementary food:
The habits of taking food of various species are different. food for Rajputi  (Java Barb) Is to be supplied at two times doily Rajputi Is fond of mustard-cake, rich-dust, insect larvae and small fry. Per day 2-3kg. Small fry is needed to be provided.

Using lime and fertilizer after storing  :
By rising the alkalinity and hardness of water , liming serves as direct source of soluble calcium for pond food organics. To time one firstly have  to do is to make the selected pond dried .Nest, to determine weather a pond needs to be timed, check total alkalinity. Collect a water sample from the several inches below the surface, making sure the sample contains no bottom sediment .
Regarding the conditions of soil and water, 25-40 kg . cow-dung or 100-150kg cock-dust or, 35kg mustard-cake is needed. 

Cate hing fish and marketing :
If balanced food is provided and sufficient caring is ensured, Rajputi  ( Java Barb)  a obtain the weight of 150-200gm. In seasonal pond, catching fish will be finished within 6-7 month.

Goat farming

In ruminant animals goat and sheep are the first domestic animal. Goat are very useful animals. Meet and milk of goat are very nutritious and goat farming is very easy. Goat are small so it take small place and it suffer from disease less than other domestic animals. They are very productive cause female goat give birth minimum 4 child in a year. Generally black Bengal goat is very familiar in Bangladesh.

Benefits from goat :
Goat are become perfect for breeding within 6 or 7 month and goat give birth minimum  child in a year.
goat are small domestic animal so it takes small place. Small capital is needed for goat farming so everyone can do it.
goat can survive easily than others domestic animals.
goat need little amount of food than cow or buffalo.
it suffer from disease less than other domestic animals. 
milk of goat are very nutritious.  

Goat milk :
Black Bengal goat give a little quantity of milk but Jamunapari goat gives a large quantity of milk. Goat milk and its products of yoghurt, cheese and powder have three-fold significance in human nutrition. Feeding more starving and malnourished people in the developing world than from cow milk. treating people afflicted with cow.

Milk allergies and Castro-intestinal disorders, which is a significant segment in many populations of developed countries; and  filling the gastronomic needs of connoisseur consumers, which is a growing market share in many developed countries. It has been found that goat milk has a significantly higher dye-binding capacity per unit protein

(1% more than cow milk) and a lower infra-red

absorption (4% less than cow milk), making it necessary to use different calibration curves for each species to measure milk protein

content. This has been confirmed in studies, when testing with cow milk standards resulted in 0.04% less fat and 0.27% less protein in goat milk.

Goat Meet : 

Goat meet is known as mutton in our country. The nutrient value of meat, as also other food items, is becoming increasingly important in the health

management of people. Calcium is an important element in the body required for bone development, neuron-muscular activity, secretory

functions, buffers, certain co-enzymes and nutrients for the nursed young. A comparison of the vitamin content of mutton, liver and kidney indicates the richer source these organs are than muscle. These differences could be expected in goats also.
 
Goat skin :
Plain, natural shaped calfskin and goatskin hides are becoming more and more popular for accent pieces. In addition, many people buy calfskin to make into lampshades.
A single goat skin hide will measure approximately 2 x 3 feet in dimension, with a typical calf skin being about the same size. This is the perfect size for a small accent rug. In addition, both, goat skins and calf skins can be easily cut up to use in upholstering furniture.

Goat hair : 
Goat is the source of the wool that becomes cashmere fiber for clothing and other textile articles.

Taro cultivation

After complete this lesson you will be able.

Knowing about importance and use of taro.

Knowing about climate and soil demand of taro.

Describing cultivation method of .

Knowing about internal nursing of taro.

Describing collect crops and production of taro.

                                                                                                 

Scientific name :  colocasia esculenta var .antiquorum.

Taro (colocasia esculenta var .antiquorum) is Araceae families vegetable. In production taro is very important in Bangladesh. It cultivate all in Bangladesh sylhet,jessor,bogura is famous for taro. Somewhere it’s calle.

                              

Importance of taro:

In vitamin colocasia esculenta var .antiquorum. is very important.  Taro is full a lot of vitamin instead of potato . in a statistics we can see taro’s digest power is high. In taros leaf we can see a lot of vitamin that can’t found in any other vegetables. In taro there are many medicine quality.

                                                                                              

Climate,land and soil:

Taro likes dry and wet climate. 25°-40° c temperature is good for taro. It’s grown well in lightly land. Flood free sandy of two grains to of two grains land is important for cultivating taro.

Verities : 

In Bangladesh cultivated a lot of verities of taro. Locally some verities just lalmy, sylity boguriy lakhikundu jessory taro is important. Bilasi is a  high product verities. It’s tree is high, green  and product a lot of small plant. Taro (colocasia esculenta var .antiquorum.) products 25 ton per hector.

Panchomukhi taro, garo taro, thama taro , garo  thama taro, jangli taro etc are same group.

Pedigree extension

Taros  Pedigree extension is done by cor.

Planting time of taro :

Taro is a khorip monsoon crops. Crops will be grown in last part of winter(January-may). March month is the best time for growing taro before march if plant grow, it’s production will low. After weaving seed soil will be covered with mulching.

Seeds weight:

Cultivating taro needs 800-1000kg corn seeds per hector.

Make land:

For cultivate taro soil will be drizzling properly. Seeds can be weaving various method. Generally it grow in land by furrow. Taros seed plant in rank. Every rank will far 40-50 cm.

Weight and use of fertilizer in cultivate taro:

	Weight of fertilizer	Time of use
Nitrogen  1st step	40	After 15-30 days of plant grow
2nd  step	40	After 60-90days of plant grow
T S P	50	Make a land
M P 1st step	50	Make a land
1st over use	50	After 15-30 days of plant grow
Cow dug	10000-12000	Make a land

Mustard cake

500-800

Make a land

All cow-dug fertilizer mixed with soil in the time of making land.

Other nursing 

Irrigation: in taros land will be given little irrigation. After plant a bit irrigation helps grow plant quickly. if   not rain or soil wet low then needs irrigation. Irrigation will be given by the canal in middle of two tardy. This canal are used both irrigation and extraction.soil give on trees tuber and give straw on land: Ride give high is a main nursing  of taro. Ridge can’t give in 1 time, it gives 2-3 times. If trees tuber covered properly then small plant can’t grown. Malching  is very important  for taro. Straw is to be given on land so that illegal plant can’t grow. It also helps to fertile the land.  

Insects and diseases: leaf scorch diseases is very harmful, it can control using cooper.

Crops life time:  Generally taro is 150-210 days crops.

Collect crops: in the rainy monsoon taros leaf will red and yellow. it is the time of collect taro. Generally it collects in November to December. If we want to use it as a seed we will collect it after tree die. After cleaned it can be stored and sell.        
  

 Production: production depends on climate, verities and nursing. It product 20-25 ton per hector.

Indian Spinach

*Describing importance of Indian Spinach.

*Describing production Monsoon and environmental demand of Indian spinach.

*Telling about cultivate method of Indian spinach.

Scientific Name: Basella alba

Indian spinach very important in Bangladesh. Indian spinach is main vegetable in Khorip Monsoon. Its taste is very high and reserved a lot of vitamin . Its leaf has a lot of prote4in, vitamin A, B, C, calcium and iron.

Climate, Land and Soil :

Indian Spinach is grown well in the dry and wet climate. It is very hardly tree. Moreover it grow a little light. Sandy of two grains soil is suitable for Indian Spinach . Indian Spinach is cultivated water flood water can't stock.

Verities Name :

Green and red verities are seen in locally. Green verities grow quickly and give high product. Red verities grow slowly and give low product, but taste and market value in high.

                                                                                   

Pedigree Extension :

Indian Spinach pedigree extension is done by seed. Farmer cultivate it by seed.

Time of seed weaving:

Generally Indian Spinach is cultivate in Khorip Monsoon. If there is irrigation system is can be cultivate in robi monsoon. For cultivating it May-Jun is perfect time.

                                                                                                             

Seed Weight:

Sprinkle weaving need 3-4 kg seed per hector bun rand weaving needs 1.5-2.5 kg seed per hector.

Make land and seed weaving  :

Indian Spinach cultivates in two method. One is seed weaving directly on land. Another is made remedy on other land and come to the main land.

Weaving seed directly on land:

Made bed that width 1m, and length is necessary. It's height is 10-15cm. So that rain water can't reserve. 30 cm  width and 20 cm width and 20 cm depth canal are needed in every tardy. Every rand seeds weaving 2-3

Remedy production and grow :

In this method at first weaving in a seed polt. When plant become 5 month then it is grown in the main land. Before weaving seeds wet 12-24 hour in water and it plant in the 3-4 cm.distance. Generally 1 hector land cane be planted 100 squire miter seep polt. Bade, canal,distance of a tree, per bade number of rank is the same weaving seed directly on land.

Fertilizer Name	Fertility	Of	Land	Time of give fertilizer
	Low	Middle	High
Nitrogen 1st over use	120	100	80	After 7-15 days of plant grow
2nd over use	120	100	80	After 30-40 days of plant grow
3rd over use	120	100	80	After cut crops 1st time.
4th over use	120	100	80	After cut crops 2nd  time.
T S P Basel Dose	150	120	100	Before last cultivation
M P Basel Dose Over use	120 100	100 80	80 50	Before last cultivation After cut crops 1st time
Cow Dug Basel Dose	10000	5000	5000	Before last cultivation

Fertilizer weight and use method of Indian Spinach:

After 7-15 and 30-40 days of growing plant, first and second time over use of Nitrogen.

Other Nursing:

Irrigation system:

In Indian spinach land irrigation  give using bade and canal . For irrigation in all land canal is very necessary. Extra rain water or irrigation water can be give out by this canal. Where is not bed, there irrigation can be give by the canal. For cultivation Indian spinach soil wet must 65%.

Control illegal plant, soil give in tree: put out illegal plant timely and give soil in the tree. Over use of fertilizer, control illegal plant and give soil in the tree can be done in the same time. Indian Spinach put on the platform. Platform can 1.5 meter height. For good production, after cut crops Nitrogen and M.P use properly. Then give a little irrigation.

Indian Spinach: 

Insects and disease:

In Indian spinach very hardly disease can't attack. If leaf rot attack then dither 45 m can be used.

Life Time : Indian spinach life is 60-150 days.

When tip will be tall 25-30 c.m then it collect. It can be collect before fruit come in Indian spinach. Generally it can be collected in the month September . Indian Spinach give production 50-75 ton per hector.